Caesarean surgery, often referred to as a C-section, is a medical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. This method of delivery has become increasingly common worldwide and is sometimes planned in advance, while in other cases, it is performed as an emergency procedure. This article provides a detailed overview of caesarean surgery, including its history, reasons for its use, the procedure itself, recovery, benefits, the caesarean delivery charges in Sri Lanka and potential risks.

Historical Background

The term "caesarean" is often linked to the belief that Julius Caesar was born this way, although historical accuracy on this point is debated. The practice of caesarean delivery dates back to ancient times, but it was rarely performed on living women until the 19th century due to the high risk involved. Advances in surgical techniques, anaesthesia, and antiseptics have significantly improved the safety of C-sections, making them a common procedure in modern obstetrics.

Indications for Caesarean Surgery

Caesarean deliveries are performed for a variety of reasons, including:

1. Medical Necessity: Situations such as placenta previa (where the placenta covers the cervix), uterine rupture, or fatal distress can necessitate a C-section.
2. Labour Complications: Prolonged labour or failure to progress can lead to the decision to perform a caesarean.
3. Multiple Pregnancies: Twins, triplets, or higher-order multiples often require caesarean delivery due to the increased risk of complications.
4. Previous Caesarean: Women who have had a previous C-section may opt for a repeat caesarean, although vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) is sometimes possible.
5. Breech Presentation: When the baby is positioned feet-first or buttocks-first, a caesarean may be the safest delivery method.
6. Maternal Health Issues: Conditions such as severe hypertension, diabetes, or infections like HIV may necessitate a C-section.

The Procedure

A caesarean surgery typically involves the following steps:

1. Preparation: The mother is given anaesthesia, either a spinal block or an epidural, to numb the lower half of her body. In some cases, general anaesthesia may be used.
2. Incision: The surgeon makes a horizontal incision just above the pubic hairline (the bikini line). Occasionally, a vertical incision may be made in emergencies.
3. Delivery: The surgeon makes a second incision in the uterus, and the baby is gently pulled out.
4. After Birth: The baby is handed to the paediatric team for immediate care. The placenta is then removed, and the incisions are closed with sutures.

Recovery and Postoperative Care

Recovery from a C-section generally takes longer than from a vaginal birth. Here are some key aspects of postoperative care:

1. Hospital Stay: Most women stay in the hospital for 3 to 5 days post-surgery.
2. Pain Management: Pain relief is provided through medications, and it's important to manage discomfort to aid recovery.
3. Physical Activity: Gradual increase in physical activity is encouraged, but heavy lifting and strenuous activities should be avoided for several weeks.
4. Monitoring: Regular monitoring of the incision site for signs of infection is crucial.

Benefits of Caesarean Surgery

1. Safety in Complications: C-sections can be lifesaving for both mother and baby in case of complications during labour.
2. Planned Delivery: Scheduled C-sections can be convenient for medical planning and logistics.
3. Control Over Timing: They allow for control over the timing of delivery, which can be beneficial in certain medical conditions.

Risks and Considerations

Despite its benefits, caesarean surgery carries risks, such as:

1. Infection: There is a risk of infection at the incision site or within the uterus.
2. Blood Loss: C-sections generally involve more blood loss than vaginal births.
3. Extended Recovery: Longer recovery time compared to vaginal delivery.
4. Breathing Problems for Baby: Babies born via C-section, especially those delivered before 39 weeks, may have breathing issues.
5. Future Pregnancies: Increased risk of complications in future pregnancies, such as placenta previa or uterine rupture.

Caesarean surgery is a vital medical procedure that ensures the safe delivery of babies in situations where vaginal birth poses risks. While it comes with its own set of challenges and potential complications, advances in medical science continue to improve its safety and efficacy. As with any medical procedure, understanding the reasons, benefits, and risks associated with C-sections can help expectant mothers make informed decisions in collaboration with their healthcare providers.

Caesarean Surgery in Sri Lanka

Caesarean surgeries are performed by highly skilled doctors in Sri Lanka who are adept at handling both routine and complex deliveries. While normal baby delivery in Sri Lanka remains the preferred method for many expecting mothers, C-sections are an essential alternative when complications arise. For those seeking specialized care, a Channelling Centre in Colombo offers access to expert obstetricians and state-of-the-art medical facilities, ensuring that both caesarean and normal deliveries are conducted with the highest standards of safety and care.