An on-grid solar system, also known as a grid-tied or grid-connected solar system, is designed to work in conjunction with the local electricity grid. This system generates electricity from solar panels and supplies it directly to the household or business, while seamlessly integrating with the utility grid to ensure a constant power supply. During sunny days, when solar panels produce more electricity than needed, the excess power is fed back into the grid, allowing users to earn credits or reduce their electricity bills through net metering. Conversely, during nighttime or cloudy days, the system draws power from the grid to meet the energy demands. On-grid systems are cost-effective as they eliminate the need for expensive battery storage, making them an attractive option for urban environments like Delhi. They provide a sustainable way to lower energy costs and reduce carbon footprints while ensuring uninterrupted access to electricity.

On-grid solar system types

On-grid solar systems can be broadly categorized based on their configuration, application, and scale. Here are the main types:

1. Residential On-Grid Solar Systems
These systems are designed for individual homes and small residential buildings. They typically range from 1 kW to 10 kW in capacity and are installed on rooftops. The primary goal is to reduce household electricity bills and provide a sustainable energy solution.

2. Commercial On-Grid Solar Systems
Commercial on-grid systems are installed in businesses, office buildings, and industrial facilities. This on-grid solar system usually has higher capacities, ranging from 10 kW to several megawatts. They help businesses lower operational costs and achieve sustainability goals while ensuring a stable power supply.

3. Utility-Scale On-Grid Solar Systems
These large-scale solar farms are connected to the utility grid and generate significant amounts of electricity, often in the megawatt range. Utility-scale systems supply power to the grid, contributing to the overall energy mix and helping meet regional or national renewable energy targets.

4. Hybrid On-Grid Solar Systems
Hybrid systems combine on-grid solar with battery storage. While primarily connected to the grid, they also store excess energy in batteries for use during power outages or at night. This configuration offers enhanced reliability and energy independence, suitable for areas with frequent grid instability.

5. Microgrid On-Grid Solar Systems
Microgrid systems integrate on-grid solar with other renewable sources and possibly battery storage, designed to operate independently or in conjunction with the main grid. These are often used in campuses, industrial parks, or remote areas, providing a reliable and resilient energy solution.

How to Install an On-Grid Solar System at Home

Installing an on-grid solar system at home involves several key steps, from planning and selecting components to installation and connection to the grid. Here’s a comprehensive guide:

1. Initial Assessment and Planning
   Energy Audit: Assess your home’s energy consumption to determine the size of the solar system needed.
   Site Survey: Evaluate your roof’s orientation, angle, and shading to ensure it receives optimal sunlight.
   Feasibility Study: Check local regulations, incentives, and net metering policies. Ensure that your home’s electrical system can integrate with the solar system.

2. Design and System Sizing
System Size: Based on your energy needs and roof space, design a system that matches your requirements.
Component Selection: Choose high-quality solar panels, an inverter, mounting structures, and other necessary equipment.

3. Procurement
Solar Panels: Select panels with high efficiency and durability.
Inverter: Choose an inverter that matches the capacity of your solar panels and can convert DC to AC effectively.
Mounting Structures: Ensure they are sturdy and suitable for your roof type.
Other Equipment: Purchase wiring, connectors, junction boxes, and safety equipment.

4. Permitting and Approvals
Local Permits: Apply for necessary permits from local authorities.
Utility Approval: Get approval from your electricity provider for grid connection and net metering.

5. Installation
Mounting the Panels: Install the mounting structures securely on the roof. Place the solar panels on these structures, ensuring they are angled correctly to maximize sunlight exposure.
Electrical Wiring: Connect the solar panels to the inverter with appropriate wiring. Ensure all connections are secure and weatherproof.
Inverter Installation: Mount the inverter in a suitable location, typically close to the main electrical panel and protected from weather elements.
Grid Connection: Connect the inverter to the main electrical panel. A licensed electrician should do this step to ensure safety and compliance with local codes.

6. Inspection and Commissioning
System Inspection: Have the system inspected by local authorities and the utility company to ensure it meets all safety and regulatory standards.
Testing: Test the system to ensure it is functioning correctly. Check the inverter display for performance metrics.

7. Activation and Monitoring
System Activation: Once approved, activate the system and start generating electricity.
Net Metering Setup: Ensure your net meter is correctly installed and configured to track the electricity fed back to the grid.
Monitoring: Monitoring software tracks the system’s performance and energy production.

Advantages of On-Grid Solar Systems

On-grid solar systems, also known as grid-tied or grid-connected systems, offer numerous benefits for homeowners, businesses, and the environment. Here are some of the key advantages:

1. Cost Savings
   Reduced Electricity Bills: On-grid solar systems significantly reduce electricity bills by generating power from the sun. Any excess energy produced can be fed back into the grid, further lowering costs through net metering.
   No Battery Costs: Unlike off-grid systems, on-grid setups do not require batteries, which are expensive and have limited lifespans. This makes the initial investment and maintenance costs lower.

2. Net Metering
Energy Credits: Net metering allows homeowners to earn credits for the excess electricity they generate and send back to the grid. These credits can offset the cost of electricity drawn from the grid when solar production is insufficient.
Efficient Use of Energy: This system ensures that no solar energy goes to waste, making the overall energy usage more efficient.

3. Easy Maintenance
Simpler Setup: Without the need for batteries, on-grid systems are simpler to maintain. The main components — solar panels and inverters — require minimal upkeep.
Longer Lifespan: Solar panels have a long lifespan, typically around 25 years or more, and inverters also last for many years with proper maintenance.

4. Environmental Benefits
Reduced Carbon Footprint: By generating clean, renewable energy, on-grid solar systems help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions and contributing to a healthier environment.
Sustainable Energy: Solar power is a renewable resource, ensuring a sustainable and inexhaustible energy supply.

5. Energy Security
Reliable Power Supply: Being connected to the grid ensures a continuous power supply. When solar production is low (e.g., at night or during cloudy days), electricity can still be drawn from the grid.
No Power Outages: In areas with stable grid infrastructure, on-grid systems provide reliable electricity without the risk of running out of power, unlike off-grid systems that rely solely on solar energy and batteries.

6. Financial Incentives
Government Subsidies: Many governments offer subsidies, tax credits, and other financial incentives to encourage the adoption of solar energy, reducing the overall installation cost.
Return on Investment (ROI): The savings on electricity bills and potential earnings from net metering contribute to a favorable ROI, often paying back the initial investment within a few years.

7. Scalability
Expandable Systems: On-grid solar systems can be easily expanded to meet growing energy needs. Additional panels can be added to increase capacity without significant changes to the existing setup.
Adaptability: These systems can be tailored to fit different energy requirements, making them suitable for residential, commercial, and industrial applications.

Conclusion — On-grid solar systems offer a practical, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution for harnessing solar energy. Their ability to reduce electricity bills, benefit from net metering, and provide reliable power makes them an attractive option for homeowners and businesses. Additionally, the low maintenance requirements and support from government incentives further enhance their appeal. By adopting on-grid solar systems, individuals and organizations can contribute to a sustainable future while enjoying significant economic benefits.