Important biological machinery called ribosomes precisely decode the messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotide sequence using amino aminoacyl-tRNA substrates to synthesise proteins. Researchers can study the similarities and differences between human and bacterial ribosomes to design medications and comprehend diseases by conducting mechanistic investigations of these two types of membranes. The journal Nature published a study paper titled "mRNA decoding in human is kinetically and structurally distinct from bacteria" on April 5, 2023, written by a group of scientists at St. Jude Children's study Hospital. Targeted mRNA decoding methods are being used in emerging human treatments to cure disease. Peptide bond formation and initial selection are steps in the decoding process that determine the fidelity of the decoding through proofreading selection.