Dr. Anup Bende, a neurologist, discusses epilepsy, a common condition that is often misunderstood. He aims to clarify various aspects of epilepsy, including its symptoms, treatment, and common misconceptions.

What Is Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is characterised by seizures, which can vary in type and intensity. During a seizure, a person’s limbs may move involuntarily, leading to a loss of consciousness. Dr. Bende explains that there are different types of seizures, including:

Generalised Seizures

In generalised seizures, a patient suddenly loses consciousness, experiences uncontrollable limb movements, and may have additional symptoms such as tongue biting and loss of bladder control.

Focal Seizures

Focal seizures begin in one specific area of the brain. Patients may have a sense of fear or unusual sensations before the seizure progresses to involve other parts of the body.

Absence Seizures

Absence seizures are brief and often go unnoticed. Patients may appear confused for a few seconds, but they are typically unaware that a seizure has occurred.

Causes Of Epilepsy

Epilepsy can result from a “short circuit” in the brain, leading to involuntary movements. While the exact cause is often unknown, it can stem from various factors, including:

• Developmental issues from childhood

• Infections

• Traumatic brain injuries

• Conditions such as meningitis

Treatment Options

Treatment for epilepsy varies based on the underlying cause. Dr. Bende emphasises that the approach to treatment should be tailored to the individual. Some patients may need a single medication, while others might require multiple prescriptions.

Duration Of Treatment

The duration of treatment can also vary. If a patient’s seizures are well controlled with medication, the treatment may last from one to three years before potentially being reduced or stopped. However, some patients may need lifelong treatment, especially if there are underlying issues with brain development.

Living With Epilepsy

Many modern medications are available that allow individuals with epilepsy to live healthy lives without significant side effects. Key lifestyle factors include:

• Taking medications on time

• Avoiding stress

• Getting adequate rest

What To Do During A Seizure

Dr. Bende addresses common misconceptions about what to do when someone is having a seizure. It is essential to:

• Avoid placing anything in the person’s mouth

• Turn the individual onto their side to prevent choking

• Keep them safe by removing any nearby hazards

If seizures occur consecutively, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention.